[The thing about the walkie-talkie] Factors Affecting Amateur Radio Communication in Emergency Communication

In the disaster-stricken scene of a sudden and catastrophic disaster, amateur radio may play a special role in reporting the disaster situation and self-rescue communication in the first place at the first time, which should be highly valued. But the probability of successfully playing this role, in addition to the nature of sudden disaster events, also has a great relationship with the following factors. Today, Huaan Jiexun walkie-talkie is here to talk with you about the bottlenecks that affect the role of amateur radio communication in the release of emergency information:

①Amateur radio penetration rate

The necessary condition for the emergency application of amateur radio in the first place at the first time is that there must be amateur radio resources at the disaster site, including amateur radio amateurs and their amateur radio equipment. Under a certain probability of disaster destruction, the amount of surviving resources is simply proportional to the amount of original resources at the site before the disaster. Therefore, the high penetration rate of amateur radio is the primary basic condition to ensure that amateur radio plays a role in sudden and catastrophic events.

After the Hanshin earthquake in Japan, the amateur radio repeater network played an important role in the release of public emergency information. The most basic condition is that Japan has a high amateur radio penetration rate, with an average of one amateur radio per 70 people, and With a network of repeaters extending in all directions, it is possible that amateur radio has enough surviving resources to maintain its work after the severe destruction of the Kanto region. It is not difficult to imagine that if we have a low penetration rate of only one amateur radio station per 26,000 population, people are still very concerned about amateur repeaters, and there is no talk of establishing repeater networks at all, then the situation will be Very different.

In order to realize the function of reporting the disaster situation in the disaster area, in addition to the amateur radio stations in the disaster area, the necessary remote condition is to have enough amateur radio resources to intercept emergency calls in the disaster area in time. rate basis. The more the total number of amateur radio stations, the more the number of listening amateur frequency bands in each time interval will be, in order to form an uninterrupted overall on-duty effect on the macro level.

②The personal psychological quality and radio service level of amateur radio amateurs

In harsh disaster site conditions, radio amateurs may need to work independently without equipment and accessories, tools, helpers, mentors, to complete the task of providing all aspects of emergency radio communications. It is obvious that amateur radio amateurs have the firm confidence to overcome difficulties in emergencies, the calm attitude and clear-headedness to deal with them calmly, and they must also have comprehensive radio technical level and communication operation skills. Even when the social structure is destroyed and the pre-configured amateur radio organization mechanism can carry out emergency radio application work in an organized manner according to the plan design, the individual quality of each member is still the basis for ensuring the success of the team.

In the face of the devastating natural forces brought about by disasters, the probability of difficulties encountered by all people is the same. Therefore, the usual training of the individual qualities of amateur radio amateurs is not only to establish a few tops, but to focus on the entire amateur radio hobby improvement in the level of users.

Due to the interruption of amateur radio activities in my country for decades, China has missed the peak period of the development of amateur radio in the world. In addition, the rapid development of the domestic economy in the past ten years has brought a large number of new consumer-oriented amateur radio setters. The imbalance in the structure of the amateur radio team. Compared with foreign countries, the proportion of backbones with high technical and operational skills after a long period of self-learning is significantly lower, resulting in a more obvious guiding role for the novice to the entire team, sometimes showing some impetuous emotions, Some activities focus on form and liveliness, and in-depth study and research are not enough.

Therefore, in the process of building the amateur radio public emergency release subsystem, it is urgent to discuss how to encourage amateur radio amateurs to study their business and technology under the new situation, and generally improve the individual quality of the team.

③ Radio wave propagation and electromagnetic environment

A major difference between amateur radio communication and professional radio communication is that professional radio communication usually operates in a pre-designed system, the communication object is generally known, the channel is generally pre-calculated, and the signal loss has a certain margin, As long as the system does not fail, does not block over-capacity, and is not subjected to electromagnetic interference that exceeds the design allowable, it has better communication quality. In amateur radio communication, in most cases, the communication object is random, and the transmission power, antenna gain, station setting environment, communication distance, etc. of both parties in the communication have great uncertainty. If information must be passed between specific two amateur stations, the quality of communication is often not guaranteed. Especially in disaster emergency communication, due to the limitation of power supply, antenna and other conditions, whether it is hope to transmit the disaster situation from the destructive disaster site to the outside world, or to communicate the communication necessary for self-rescue at the first time and the first place, radio wave propagation and The electromagnetic environment has an even greater impact on success or failure.

Looking back at the war period in the 1940s, the 15-watt radio station of the Qiongya Column on Hainan Island could maintain contact with Yan'an, and even the 15-watt radio station of the underground workers in Shanghai could complete the routine with Yan'an by means of a simple antenna with low efficiency. communication tasks. However, at present, the electromagnetic environment in cities and towns in my country is generally poor, especially in residential and commercial areas. Various switching power supplies and digital control systems of carrier type radiate a lot of electromagnetic noise. The weak short-wave signals that can be received in suburban areas cannot be sensed in urban areas. , and many amateur radio stations are located in prosperous areas with dense population and electrical equipment. This environment is extremely unfavorable for intercepting weak signals from disaster areas. How to overcome the difficulties brought by the harsh short-wave electromagnetic environment should be an important consideration when designing the amateur radio public emergency release subsystem.

On the other hand, judging from the sudden and catastrophic events in my country in recent years, the environment such as mountainous areas with complex topography is not only more likely to encounter the isolation of information from the disaster area from the outside world, but also the communication within the disaster area will be more difficult. How to overcome the difficulty of radio wave propagation in complex terrain should also be a problem that needs to be considered in the design of the amateur radio public emergency release subsystem.